Chromium

Figure 1. The crystal structure of Chromium.

Chromium is a chemical element with the symbol Cr and atomic number 24. Like Iron, Chromium is an essential trace metal. There are two forms of Chromium: Trivalent Chromium, or Cr(III), which is safe for human consumption, and Hexavalent Chromium, or Cr(IV), which is toxic.

Chromium can be found in foods and supplements. Chromium plays a role in the action of insulin, a hormone that mediates the metabolism and storage of carbohydrate, fat, and protein. As such, Chromium might help the body to maintain blood sugar levels. As the human body only requires a trace amount of Chromium per day (less than 1mg), and Chromium is contained in most food sources, it is relatively uncommon for Chromium deficiency to occur. 

Chromium is also used for diabetes, high cholesterol, athletic performance, bipolar disorder, and many other purposes. However, there is insufficient scientific evidence to conclusively determine its efficacy in these applications.