Probiotics

Figure 1. The Lacticaseibacillus paracasei bacteria found in Probiotics.

Probiotics are live microorganisms promoted for health benefits when consumed, generally by improving or restoring the gut flora. In 2001, the World Health Organization defined Probiotics as "live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host."

In the human body, Probiotics are typically live bacteria and yeasts that are "good" (i.e. provide health benefits), existing naturally mainly in the digestive tract. Two common bacteria in Probiotics are Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium.

Probiotics can be found naturally in most dairy and fermented food stuff. Some good sources of Probiotics include:

• Yogurt
• Kefir
• Sauerkraut
• Tempeh
• Kimchi
• Miso
• Kombucha
• Pickles
• Buttermilk (traditional)
• Natto
• Cheese (probiotic infused)

Taken as a dietary supplement, Probiotics are promoted to treat an imbalance, deficient, or absence of "good" bacteria in the body. "Good" bacteria can be lost from the body due to sickness or medication, for example, the consumption of antibiotics (which wipe out both "good" and "bad" bacteria). While Probiotics are largely promoted for digestive health benefits, including to help with irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, infectious diarrhoea, or diarrhoea caused by antibiotics, they are also promoted for general health benefits such as to help with eczema, urinary and vaginal health, allergies and colds, and oral health.